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Curriculum vitae

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CURRICULUM VITAE

I. (a) Name:

Oluwatoyin Oluwasola AJALA (Nee Ogunsina)

(b) Date of Birth:

4th May, 1963

(c) Department:

Veterinary Surgery and Reproduction

(d) Faculty:

Veterinary Medicine

(e) College:

Not applicable

II. (a) First Academic Appointment:

Lecturer II, 29th October, 1993

(b) Present Post (with date) :

Senior Lecturer, 1st October, 2000

(c) Date of Last Promotion:

1st October, 2000

III. University Education (with dates):

University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria: Sept. 1981 – July 1987 University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria: Nov. 1993 – Dec. 1996

University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria: Nov. 2000 –July 2010

IV. Academic Qualifications (with Dates and granting bodies):

Doctor of Veterinary Medicine (DVM), University of Ibadan, Ibadan Nigeria. July 1987 Master of Veterinary Science (MVSc), University of Ibadan, Ibadan Nigeria. Dec. 1996

Doctor of Philosophy (PhD), University of Ibadan, Ibadan Nigeria. July 2010

V. Professional Qualifications and Diplomas (with date):

Doctor of Veterinary Medicine (DVM). July 1987

Membership Diploma of the College of Veterinary Surgeons, Nigeria, (MCVSN). February 2004

Fellowship Diploma of the College of Veterinary Surgeons, Nigeria, (FCVSN). June 2010

VI. Honours, Distinctions and Membership Of Learned Societies:

1

Member, Nigerian Veterinary Medical Association (NVMA)

VII. Details of Teaching Experience At University Level:

Since my appointment as Lecturer II in 1993, I have been involved in teaching of Theriogenology courses to the undergraduate students, conducting practicals and clinics in Theriogenology and supervision of students’ fieldwork since my appointment as a lecturer II in 1993.

(a) Courses Taught :

SUBJECTS

COURSE

UNIT

SEMESTE

TITLE

R

Field Practice III

VSR 422

6

Vacation

Veterinary Gynaecology

VTG 521

3

2nd

Theriogenology Clinics I

VTG 531

6

1st & 2nd

Andrology and Artificial Insemination

VTG 612

2

1st

Obstetrics, Mastitis and Udder Health

VTG 613

2

1st

Management

Small Animal Reproduction

VTG 624

2

2nd

Theriogenology Clinics II

VTG 632

6

1st & 2nd

Project in Theriogenology

VTG 639

6

1st & 2nd

(b) Undergraduates Project Supervision (1993/94 to date) :

I have supervised the following students:

1. OLADIMEJI, W. K. (56828). Effect of Milletia thonningii on the weight, clinical parameters and semen characteristics of the West African Dwarf (WAD) bucks.

2. ALAKPA, C. O. (57473). Effect of feeding Millletia thonningii on the heamatological, biochemical and clinical parameters of West African Dwarf (WAD) bucks.

3. SHAIB, A. I. (57473). Motility and acrosome integrity of bucks spermatozoa in pawpaw juice citrate extender.

4. ADEROJU, O. A. (67438). An abattoir study of female genital organs of cattle: A preliminary study.

5. OLUTE, O. M. (67834). Morphological characteristics of spermatozoa in the different parts of the epididymis in the boar.

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6. ADIGUN, J. O. (65471). Effect of castration on some blood parameters of rabbits fed with soya bean meal.

7. ADEOTI, T. S. (76129). Effect of frequency of ejaculation in West African Dwarf (WAD) rams.

8. OLADIRAN, O. O. (76864). The heamatological and biochemical changes at different stages of gestation in West African Dwarf (WAD) goats.

9. ADESOKAN, H. K. (86464). Vaginal Bacteria flora of bitches with vaginal discharges.

10.FADEYI, A. O. (94819). Reproductive parameters of grasscutters (Thryonomys swindernus).

11.ADEBOWALE, T. K. (76668). Semen characteristics of Alsatian dogs raised in hot climate in Ibadan.

12.RAJI, L. O. (86897). Artificial insemination in WAD goats using pawpaw juice citrate extender.

13.ADEBOLA, O. A. (90123). Artificial insemination in West African Dwarf goats using coconut milk as semen extender.

14.KOLAWOLE, T. O. (101634). Comparative haematological changes of pregnant and pseudo pregnant bitches.

15.FAYEMI, O. O. (101622). The haematology of pregnant and pseudo pregnant bitches.

16.OBIDELE, M. A. (104147) Seroprevalence of Brucellosis in dogs in Ibadan.

17.AFOLABI, A. M. (101577). The Influence of age and management methods on the prevalence of vulvovaginitis in West African Dwarf does in Ibadan.

18.OLUDARE, R. E. (107101). Identification of bacterial agent s causing vulvovaginitis in Red Sokoto goats in Bodija market.

19.OKUNLADE, A. O. (107007). Identification of the bacteria causing vulvovaginitis in West African Dwarf goats in Ibadan.

20.OGUNDARE, F. (101647). Prevalence and diagnosis of vulvovaginitis in goats around Ibadan.

21.ADESHOGA, A. A. (101574). Vaginal bacterial Flora of West African Dwarf does with vulvovaginitis.

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22.OLANIYAN, D. O. (111604). Reproductive potentials of female Wistar rats treated with graded doses of Aloe vera extract.

23.OMOTOSHO, A. M. (117557). Spermiogram, testicular and epididymal histology of the Nigerian domestic cat (Felis catus).

(c) Administrative Experience:

I have served the University of Ibadan at various levels since 1993 as

a. Head of Theriogenology unit

1995

– till date

b. Sub – Dean (Clinics)

2002

– 2004

c. Member, Faculty Field Trip Committee

2002

– till date

d. Member, Faculty Ceremonial Committee

2002

– 2004

e. Member, Faculty Experimental Animal Unit Committee

2007

– 2009

f. Member, Faculty Staff Students Liaison Committee

2007

– 2009

g. Member, University of Ibadan Publication Committee

2007

- 2009

h. Chairperson Departmental Social and Welfare Committee

2007

– till date

i. Member, Faculty Time – table Committee

2009

– till date

(d) Clinical Experience at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital (VTH):

I have been involved in clinical services and teaching clinical students using the clinical cases at the VTH of the University of Ibadan since my appointment as a Lecturer in 1993 in Theriogenology to date.

VIII. Research

(a) Completed

1. Effect of thermal stress on West African Dwarf goat (WAD) spermatozoa.

This research is important in semen storage and artificial insemination. A reduction in fertility in the buck has been associated with very hot season. This research results showed that long exposure very high temperature caused irreversible negative effect on spermatozoan motility and survivability. It therefore emphasized the necessity for appropriate temperature for the testes to function to prevent the occurrence of testicular degeneration due to thermal stress. The findings have been published (Paper 18).

2. Treatment of Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR) in West African Dwarf goats.

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This research was borne out of an outbreak of PPR in goats that were meant for a different project work. The animals responded to a combination of antibiotic therapy with fuild administration. The findings of this research have been published (Paper 9) and has helped tremendously in the management of PPR in goats.

3. Infertility in Nigerian breeds of dogs.

This project was designed to study the reproduction of the Nigerian breeds of Dogs in two phases. In phase A, the normal reproduction of Nigerian breeds of Dogs was studied by investigating the gestation length, growth rates, age at puberty, oestrous cycle, mating behavior ,gestation length and endocrinology and pregnancy diagnostic methods.

In the second phase (Phase B) the non-infectious causes of reproductive failure in the Nigerian breeds of Dogs were studied. The findings of the research work led to the documentation of some aspects of the reproduction of the Nigerian Local dog (PhD thesis, Papers 6 and 24).

(b) In Progress

(i) Identification of Local breeds of dogs in Nigeria.

It had been discovered that a lot of importation of exotic breeds of dogs are going on in Nigeria and this has led to a lot of cross breeding with the Nigerian Local breeds. It was therefore considered necessary to identify these local breeds genotypically before the total dilution of their genetic makeup.

(ii) Effects of analgesics on nursing Kittens and puppies, especially when used on their dams to relieve pain due to mastitis.

Analgesics have been used to relieve pain due to mastitis in bitches and queens but the effect on the suckling puppies and kittens have not been studied. This research is set out to do this so that breeders can be advised accordingly.

(c) Dissertations and Thesis

(i) Feasibility study of semi-intensive West African Dwarf goat production in Ondo State of Nigeria (DVM dissertation, University of Ibadan July, 1987).

(ii) Yield, gross composition and some factors affecting somatic cell count of West African Dwarf goat milk (MVSc dissertation, University of Ibadan December, 1996).

(iii)Some aspects of the reproductive biology and management practices in the Nigerian local bitches in Ibadan (PhD Thesis, University of Ibadan July, 2010).

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(iv) Reproductive conditions and procedures in dogs with emphasis on dystocia in Southwestern Nigeria: 1999 – 2008 (Fellowship Thesis of the College of Veterinary Surgeons, Nigeria July, 2010).

IX. Publications

(a) Articles that have already appeared in Referred Conference Proceedings:

1. Oyeyemi, M. O., Ajala, O. O., Edike, O. I. and Ayorinde, A. O. (1997). Effect of crossbreeding on the reproductive performance of West African Dwarf goat. Proc. of the 34th Annual Congress of Nigeria Veterinary Medical Association. Oct. 27th-31st, 1997. Pg. 94-98.www.uneca.org(Nigeria).

2. Ajala Oluwatoyin; Oyeyemi, M. O., Akusu, M. O. and Akande O. (1997)Relative survivability of caprine spermatozoa in egg-yolk citrate and pawpaw juice citrate extenders at 5oC and room temperature (28oC)c.

Proc. of the 34th Annual Congress of Nigerian Veterinary Medical Association. Oct. 27th-31st,1997. Pg.29-31.www.ajol.info/www.fao.org/www.biologybrowse.org (Nigeria).

3. Oyeyemi, M. O.; Ajala, O. O.; Akusu, M. O.; Agbsola, O. O.(1998). The effect of starvation on semen characteristics of West African Dwarf bucks.

Proc. of 3rd Annual Conference of animal Science Association of Nigeria. Sept. 22nd-24th. Pg. 128-130.www.ento.psu.edu(Nigeria).

4. Oyeyemi, M. O.; Ola Davies, O. E.; Ajala, O. O. Akusu,M.O. (1998) White Fulani Bulls seminal characteristics and output as related to age, body weight and scrotal circumference. Proc. of 3rd Annual Conference of Animal Science Association of Nigeria. Sept. 22nd– 24th. Pg. 131 –133. www.ento.psu.edu (Nigeria).

5. * Adegbile Abass and Ajala Oluwatoyin O. (2001) Measurement of electricalresistance of vaginal mucus using direct current. Proceedings of the 19 th

Annual National Conference of the Nigerian Institute of Science Technology. 26th– 30thNovember 2001 pg. 34 – 38 (Nigeria).

6. * Akinrinmade, J. F., Ajala, O. O. and Awoseyi, O. O. (2002). Diagnosis andsurgical management of steriod - induced pyometra in the dog.

Proceedings of the 39 th Annual Congress of the NVMA held at Sokoto, Sokoto State from 27th-31stOctober 2002.www.uneca.org(Nigeria).

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7. * Akusu, M. O.; Oyeyemi, M. O.; Ajala O. Oluwatoyin (2001) Smallruminant production. The solution to food security in Nigeria.

Proceedings of the Internationals Conference on food safety and security IITA, Ibadan Nigeria. August 1 – 3, 2001 Pg 46 – 57 (Nigeria).

8. * Ajala, O. O., Leigh, O. O., Raheem, A. K. and Raji, O. L. (2009).Conception following artificial insemination of West African dwarf does using fresh buck semen extended with pawpaw juice egg yolk citrate.

Proceedings of the Nigerian Society for Animal Production at Faculty of Agriculture Town Campus (Annex) University of Uyo, Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. 15th– 18thMarch 2009 Pg. 85-87 (Nigeria).

(b) Articles that have already appeared in learned Journal Articles:

(i) Clinical Research

9. Ajala, O. O., Daneji, A. I., Kumshe, H. A., Oyeyemi, M. O. (1995)Treatment of Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR) in pre-weaned West African Dwarf oats kids. Tropical Veterinarian Vol. 15, 39-42. www.ajol.info, www.fao.org (Nigeria).

10. Saba, A. B.; Ola-Davies,O.; Oyeyemi, M. O. and Ajala, O. O. (2000). The toxic effects of prolonged administration of chloraphenicol on the liver and kidney of laboratory rat. African Journal of Biomedical Research. 3: 133-137. www.bioline.org.br (Nigeria).

11. * Ola-Davies, E. O., Oyeyemi, M. O., Saba, A. B. and Ajala, O. O. (2002).Prevalence of emeria oocysts in West-African Dwarf goats at the University of Ibadan farm. Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 29 (2) 259-263. www.ajol.info , www.unab.edu.ng (Nigeria).

12. * Adeyemi, I. G., Oyeyemi, M. O., Ogundipe, G. A. T. and Ajala O. O. (2003) Monitoring of sarcoptic mange infestation and treatment in confined WAD goats in the Teaching and Research farm, University of Ibadan, Ibadan,(1993-1995) Nigerian Veterinary Journal 24 (3): 126-132 www.ajol.info (Nigeria).

(ii) Andrology and Artificial Insemination

13. *Oyeyemi, M. O., Ajala, O. O., and Ibironke, A. A. (2001) Short-term

effect of vasectomy on spermatozoa characteristics and scrotal

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circumference of West African Dwarf bucks. African Journal of Biomedical Research : 4: 39-41.www.bioline.org.br(Nigeria).

14. *Ajala, O. O., Oyeyemi, M. O., Akusu, M. O. and Eimunjeze H. E.(2001). The effects of scrotal insulation on the testicles and spermatozoa characteristics of West African Dwarf goats. Sokoto Journal of Veterinary Science.3 (1) 44-50.www.bioline.org.br(Nigeria).

15. * Oyeyemi, M. O., Oke, A., Olusola, Ajala, O. Oluwatoyin and Idehen.

C. O. (2002). Differences in testicular parameters and morphological characteristics of spermatozoa as related to age of West African Dwarf buck. Tropical Journal of Animal Science 5 (1): 99-107. www.ajol.info , www.ento.psu.edu (Nigeria).

16. * Oyeyemi, M. O., Oluwatoyin, O. Ajala, Leigh, O. O., Adesiji, Fisayo

T. (2007) The spermiogram of male wistar rats treated with aqueous leaf extract of Venonia amygdalina. Folia Veterinaria, 51, 3-4: 126-129. www.uvm.sk. (Slovak).

17. * Oloye, A. A., Oyeyemi, M. O., Ajala, O. O. and Akusu, M. O.(2008)Comparative study of fresh coconut milk and standard egg yolk based semen extenders. Tropical Veterinarian. 26, 1&2. 7-13. www.ajol.info. , www.fao.org. (Nigeria).

18. * Oyeyemi, M. O., Leigh, O. O., Ajala O. O., Badejo, A. O. and Emikpe,

B. O. (2008) The effect of the aqueous extract of “ugu” (Telfairia Occidentalis) Leaves, the testis and spermatozoa characteristics in themale albino rat (Wistar strain). Folia Veterinaria, 52.2: 102-105. www.uvm.sk (Slovak).

19. * Ajala O. O., Oloye, A. A., Oyeyemi, M. O., and Adewale, T. K. (2009)Semen characteristics of German shepherd dogs under hot humid climatic conditions of Sout west Nigeria. Journal of Applied Agricultural Research 1: 67-70 (Nigeria).

(iii) Obstetrics and Teratology

20. * Ajadi, R. A., Ajala O. O., Oyeyemi M. O.; Akusus M. O.,(2005).Achondroplstic syndrome in a West African Dwarf (WAD) ram-A case Report African Journal of Biomedical Research Vol. 8: 67-69. http//www.bioline.org.br (Nigeria).

21. * Nottidge, H. O., Omobowale, T. O., Olopade, J. O., Oladiran, O. O. and Ajala, O. O.(2007) A case of craniothoracopagus (Monocephalus

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thoracopagus tetrabrachius) in a dog.Anat. Histol. Emryol, 36, 179-181.www.blackwell.synergy.com (Germany).

(iv) Animal Nutrition

22. Akusu, M. O.; Ajala, O. Oluwatoyin and Iyo, G. J. (1998) The Effect of mixed leucaena and gliricidia browse as supplement in the diet of West African Dwarf (WAD) sheep on growth and feed intake Nigeria Veterinary Journal vol. 20(2), 37-46.www.ajol.info/www.fao.org,www.biologybrowse.org (Nigeria).

23. Ajala O. O.;Oyeyemi, M. O.; Oke, A. O. and Alakpa, C. O. (2000).Heamatological and biochemical parameters in West Africa Dwarf (WAD) bucks feds diets containing Milletia thonningii. African Journal of Biomedical Research 3: 121-124. www.bioline.org.br (Nigeria).

24. * Oke, Olusola A., Ajala Oluwatoyin O., Oyeyemi, M. O. and Kadiri, A. O. (2003). The effect of starvation on scrotal circumference and morphology of spermatozoa of West African dwarf goat buck. Tropical Veterinarian 21 (2) 9-14.www.ajol.ifo,www.fao.org(Nigeria).

25. * Ajala, O. Oluwatoyin; Iyo, G. J., Lasisi, O. T., Leigh, O. O. and Akusu,M. O. (2008) The effects of mixed leucaena and gliricidia browse as supplements in the diet of West African Dwarf (WAD) sheep on some aspects of reproduction. Nigerian Veterinary Journal 29(1) 11-18. www.ajol.info, www.fao.org., www.biologybrowse.org. (Nigeria).

(v) Gyneacology

26. Agunloye, C. A., Oyeyemi, M. O., Akusu, M. O., Ajala, O. O. and Agbede, A. (1996). Clinical and serological diagnosis of Leptospirosis in aborting West Dwarf goats. Nig. Vet. Journal (Special Edition) Vol. 1, No 1, 9-15. www.ajol.info / www.fao.org, www.biologybrowse.org (Nigeria).

27. Agunloye, C. A., Ogundipe, G. A.T., and Ajala, O. O., (1997). Serological and bacteriological examination of slaughtered cattle for Leptospirosis in Ibadan, Nigeria. Bull. ANIM. Hith. Prod. Afr.45, 47-49. www.ajol.org, www.fao.org (Nigeria).

28. *Ajala, O. O.; Oyeyemi, M. O.; Aderoju, O. A. (2000). Double cervix in a five-year old White Fulani cow. African Journal of Biomedical Research : 3: 201-202. http//www.bioline.org.br (Nigeria).

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29. * Akusu, M. O. and Ajala, O. O. (2000) Reproductive performance of West African Dwarf goats in humid tropical environment of Ibadan. Israel Journal of Veterinary Medicine : 55 (2) 36-63.www.isrvma.org(Israel).

30. * Ajala, Oluwatoyin O., Ajadi, R. A., Oyeyemi, M. O., Emikpe, B. O. and Akusu, M. O. (2002). Vaginal hyperplasia in Nigeria Local bitch: Case report. Tropical Veterinarian 20 (3): 149-152. www.ajol.info , www.fao.org (Nigeria).

31. * Ajala Oluwatoyin, Emikpe, B. O. and Oyeyemi, M. O. (2002). Uterine torsion in a West African Dwarf ewe in Ibadan, Nigeria. Tropical Veterinarian 20 (4) 201-203.www.ajol.info,www.fao.org(Nigeria).

32. * Tella, M. A., Ajala O. O. and Taiwo V. O. (2004) Complete regression of transmissible venereal tumour (TVT) in Nigerian Local dogs with Vincristine sulphate chemotherapy. African Journal of Biomedical Research Vol. 7: 133-138 http//www.bioline.org.br (Nigeria).

33. * Opara, M. N., Nwachukwu, E. C., Ajala, Oluwatoyin, and Okoli, I. C.(2006) Effects of breed and weight on the reproductive status of Zebu cows slaughtered in Imo State Nigeria. Life Science Journal, 3(3). 77-81 (USA).

X. Major Conferences Attended with Report/Paper Read (in the Last 5 Years)

1. Fund raising Fundamentals, sponsored by the John, D. and Catherine, T. Mac Arthur Fundation. Presented by Pamoja, Inc. 10th – 14th January, 2005. University of Ibadan.

2. Workshop on Scholarly Writing and Publication, University of Ibadan Postgraduate School, University of Ibadan. 23rd – 24th November, 2005.

3. Workshop on Data Collection, Management and Analysis in Academic Research, 23rd – 24th April, 2008. Postgraduate School, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.

4. ICT in Teaching, Research and Administration, February 23rd – 27th, 2009, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.

5. Advanced ICT techniques, March23rd – 27th, 2009, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.

Ten Publications, which best reflect contribution to Scholarship

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1. Ajala, O. O., Leigh, O. O., Raheem, A. K. and Raji, O. L. (2009). Conceptionfollowing Artificial insemination of West African Dwarf Does using fresh Buck semen extended with pawpaw juice – Egg yolk citrate. Proceedings of the Nigerian

Society for Animal Production at Faculty of Agriculture Town Campus (Annex) University of Uyo, Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. 15th– 18thMarch 2009 Pg. 85-87 (Nigeria).

Abstract:

Conception study was conducted via artificial insemination of Fifteen West African dwarf (WAD) goats (does) using Pawpaw juice as 10% part replacement of citrate buffer in citrate egg yolk extender. Semen volume of 0.5ml with estimated spermatozoa motility and concentration of 90% and 2.15×109cells/ml respectively was collected through electro-ejaculation from proven WAD bulks for the study. The semen was diluted in the 100% pawpaw juice egg yolk citrate extender. The extended semen containing 10×106sperm cells/ml was introduced into the cervix of in-heat does through sterilized and lubricated catheter. For 22 days following insemination none of the does was observed to return to heat. Subsequently, signs of developing pregnancy were observed in the does and these climaxed with kidding by 15 does at about 145±1.25 days. Our findings suggest that incorporation of pawpaw juice as 10% part replacement of citrate buffer in the citrate-egg yolk extender is not harmful to goat spermatozoa fertilizing capacity and will not prevent conception in does following artificial insemination.

2. Oyeyemi, M. O.; Ajala, O. O.; Akusu, M. O.; Agbesola, O. O.(1998). The effect of starvation on semen characteristics of West African Dwarf Bucks. Proc. of 3rd

Annual Conference of animal Science Association of Nigeria. Sept. 22nd-24th. Pg.128-130. www.ento.psu.edu (Nigeria).

Abstract:

Four sexually matured WAD bucks aged between 12-18 months were used for this study. The result revealed that the semen characteristics of the WAD bucks is affected by starvation. The changes observed from the control to the different periods of starvation was detrimental to the stability of the sperm cells to fertilize because of the inadequate availability of nutrient for sperm cells.

The percentage progressive motility of the spermatozoa volume of semen and liveability of the sperm cells were reduced. The sperm abnormalities observed show the primary abnormalities to increase from 0.29% at control to 1.20% and 1.54% at 24 and 48 hrs of starvation respectively. The largest percentage of abnormality was

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the secondary type. There was an increase in the degree of abnormalities as the duration of starvation increases.

The scrotal circumference during starvation decreased as the period of starvation increased due to the degeneration caused by starvation. It can be concluded that bucks meant for breeding should be well fed to ensure a successful breeding programme.

3. level Ajala, O. Oluwatoyin; Iyo, G. J., Lasisi, O. T., Leigh, O. O. and Akusu, M. O. (2008) The Effects of Mixed Leucaena and Gliricidia Browse As Supplements in the Diet of West African Dwarf (WAD) Sheep on some Aspects of Reproduction.

Nigerian Veterinary Journal 29(1) 11-18.www.ajol.info,www.fao.org.,www.biologybrowse.org. (Nigeria).

Abstract:

An investigation on the effects of mixed browse of Leucaena and Gliricidia on some reproductive parameters of West African dwarf sheep is reported. Leucaena leucocephala and Gliricidia sepium browse mixed in a 1:1 ratio by weight were fedas supplements at three levels: low, medium and high to 15 rams and 16 ewes aged six months for 48 and 24 weeks respectively. In the rams, scrotal circumference and volume showed significant (p<0.05) differences between feeding levels. There were also significant (p<0.05) differences in the peripheral plasma testosterone titres between rams on medium and low as well as between those on the high and low feeding levels. Though the testosterone titre in the high feeding (14.8+ 0.98) was lower than that in the medium level (16.1+ 0.47), the difference was not significant (p>0.05). Prolonged feeding of mixed browse improved lambing performance in the ewe up to the medium feeding level. The high feeding level was associated with the delivery of a stillbirth. There were no significant (p>0.05) differences in the mean lamb birth weights and litter sizes among the three feeding groups. Peripheral plasma progesterone profiles indicated that by sixty days post partum, one (1) of the three ewes in the low , all three (3) from medium and only two (2) out of four in the high feeding level that were examined had resumed ovarian activity. It was observed also that increasing levels of Leucaena consumption increases the length of ovarian cycle. Peripheral plasma profiles of oestradiol 17 beta failed to reveal any reliable sequence and titres observed were too low.

4. Ajala O. O., Oloye, A. A., Oyeyemi, M. O., and Adewale, T. K. (2009) SemenCharacteristics of German Shepherd Dogs under Hot Humid Climatic Conditions of South West Nigeria. Journal of Applied Agricultural Research 1: 67-70 (Nigeria).

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Abstract:

Semen was collected from seven matured German Shepherd breed of dogs aged between 11/2 and 3 years using digital manipulation method. This work was done during the peak of dry season between November and December when temperature reached a high of 420C at breeding kennels within Ibadan city. The ejaculates were in three fractions viz: pre spermatozoa, spermatozoa rich and prostatic fractions. The colour range of the sperm rich fraction was milky to creamy while the average volume was 3.21± 2.45 ml. The mean progressive head forward motility (%) was 74.38 ± 7.63. The live : dead ratio was 90.43 ± 6.29%. Mass activity was scored 3+, sperm concentration was 5.93 ± 1.4 × 107 spermatozoa per ml while the mean abnormal cell was 4.71%. Morphological studies revealed these abnormalities: tailless head (0.57%); looped tail (0.5%); coiled tail (0.357%); bent tail (0.64%); curved mid piece (1.035%); headless tail (0.57%). The sperm concentration fell short of those obtained for some breed of dogs from the temperate countries. Temperature-induced summer infertility of males is a very important cause of infertility in European breeds of domestic animals that are imported into tropical and subtropical climates. It is therefore recommended that male German Shepherd Dogs kept in the tropics should be housed in cool environment in the hot season in kennels with good ventilation.

5. Akinrinmade, J. F., Ajala, O. O. and Awoseyi, O. O. (2002). Diagnosis and Surgical Management of Steriod - induced Pyometra in the Dog. Proceedings of the 39 th

Annual Congress of the NVMA held at Sokoto, Sokoto State from 27th-31st

October 2002. www.uneca.org (Nigeria).

Abstract:

A report of two cases of pyometra in bitches associated with drug-induced failed abortion is hereby presented. Diagnosis was based on history, clinical signs, laboratory evaluation and explanatory laparatomy. Management involved surgical removal by ovariohysterectomy. The rampant use of drugs by practitioners to suppress estrus and or prevent unwanted pregnancy, and the associated hazards in dogs, is also discussed.

6. Ajala, O. O.; Oyeyemi, M. O.; Aderoju, O. A. (2000). Double cervix in a five-yearold White Fulani Cow. African Journal of Biomedical Research: 3: 201-202. http//www.bioline.org.br (Nigeria).

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Abstract:

A case report of true double cervix in a five-year-old white Fulani cow is presented. The condition is known to cause in fertility which might be the reason why the cow was brought to the slaughter house at this critical age.

7. Ajala, O. O., Oyeyemi, M. O., Akusu, M. O. and Eimunjeze H. E. (2001). The effectsof scrotal insulation on the testicles and spermatozoa characteristics of West African Dwarf Goats. Sokoto Journal of Veterinary Science . 3 (1) 44-50. www.bioline.org.br (Nigeria).

Abstract:

Six healthy West African Dwarf bucks were subjected to scrotal insulation (average temperature of 400C with insulating bags made of double layered cellophane bags and cotton wool in between for fourteen days. This resulted in marked testicular degeneration as reflected in significant reduction P<0.05) in sperm motility (in percentage) from 90±3.27 to 23±0.99, live/dead (in percentage) ratio from 95±2.85 to 32.2±37 concentration from 1.7x 109±0.64 spermatozoa per ml to 3.9x 106±0.01 spermatozoa per ml of semen and, the occurrence of several morphological abnormalities of spermatozoa. There was a gradual recovery from the 8th week to the 17th week post insulation. This can explain in part some of the causes of the commonly reported reduction in fertility in male breeding domestic animals during the dry hot months of the year.

8. Ajala, Oluwatoyin O., Ajadi, R. A., Oyeyemi, M. O., Emikpe, B. O. and Akusu, M.O. (2002). Vaginal Hyperplasia in Nigeria Local Bitch: Case Report. Tropical Veterinarian 20 (3): 149-152.www.ajol.info,www.fao.org(Nigeria).

Abstract:

A 21/2-year-old local bitch was diagnosed as having vaginal hyperplasia by both physical examination and histopathology. The mass, which was firm and whitish in colour, measured about 5cm in diameter, was reducible and protruded out of the vulva.

Vaginal cytology confirmed that the bitch was in proestrus. The mass was surgically resected due to frequent prolapses and contamination. Histopathology showed the mass to be vagina epithelium with numerous fibrous connective tissues.

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9. Ajala Oluwatoyin, Emikpe, B. O. and Oyeyemi, M. O. (2002). Uterine Torsion in aWest African Dwarf Ewe in Ibadan, Nigeria. Tropical Veterinarian 20 (4) 201-203. www.ajol.info , www.fao.org (Nigeria).

Abstract:

A case of uterine torsion in 21/2 year old pluriparous West African Dwarf (WAD)ewe raised semi intensively with adequate veterinary care before the death of the dam and the lamb is presented.

The dam had been off feed for 3 days and was found straining a night before her death. The lamb was male of 37cm Crown Rump Length (CRL), weight, and 3.0kg and showed other features consistent with a full term lamb. The post mortem findings and the predisposing factors are discussed.

10. Tella, M. A., Ajala O. O. and Taiwo V. O. (2004) Complete Regression of Transmissible venereal tumour (TVT) in Nigerian Local Dogs with Vincristine sulphate Chemotherapy. African Journal of Biomedical Research Vol. 7: 133-138 http//www.bioline.org.br (Nigeria).

Abstract:

Intravenous administration of 0.025mg/kg body weight vincristine sulphate, in normal saline, in four weekly doses led to complete regression of lesions, within 35 days, in 4 mongrel dogs and 6 bitches with histologically diagnosed transmissible venereal tumour (TVT). Early side effects observed in dogs, such as anorexia and dehydration disappeared after complete regression of the tumours. There was a progressive decrease in the number of mitotic figures, intercellular edema, bacterial contamination and inflammatory reaction within the tumour masses indicating that vincristine sulphate has direct effects on tumour cell division and bacteria multiplication. The tumour cells, initially very large (18-25µ); average 21.8±3.2µ diameter), with very abundant vacuolated cytoplasm and fine nuclear chromatin pattern, progressively became smaller cells (10-12µ; average 11.2±10.9µ) with heterochromatic nuclei and scanty cytoplasm.

Arrangement of tumour cells ranged from the initial glandular appearance to pallisading and compacted cells, which disappear as islands within thick fibrous connective tissues. Vascularization of the tumour masses also progressively waned. The presence of large numbers of lymphocytes, plasma cells and activated macrophages in the regressing tumours strongly suggests a role for immune-mediated control of TVT complimentary to that of vincristine sulphate. The sight and transient

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normocytic normochromic anaemia and leucopenia observed in the dogs may be related to the anti-mitotic effect of vincristine on bone marrow haemopoiesis. These untoward effects of vincristine may have been tolerated by the dogs because of the lowdosage, short and well-spaced duration of theraphy; an advantage over the adverse effects of some previously used combined anti-tumour drugs.

FOCUS OF MY RESEARCH EFFORTS

My research efforts had been toward providing solutions to some reproductive problems in animals which involves

Andrology and Artificial Insemination

My focus was to see how artificial insemination can enhance the reproductive potentials of the West African Dwarf Goats by extending their semen using locally available and cheaper materials which the goat breeders can afford (2, 5, and 31). Some of the researches also brought out factors that can lower male reproductive potential like starvation, thermal stress (3, 18, 23 and 33), and how a vasectiomized male can aid in detection of females on oestrus an activity useful to breeders in knowing the optimal breeding time of the females. The measurement of the electrical resistance of the vaginal mucus can also help in detecting this all important period in the bitch. Factors to be considered in selecting male animals for breeding were also elucidated (4, 5, 20 and 27).

Animal Nutrition

Nutrition is an important factor that can influence the reproductive performance of an animal either negatively or positively. Some of my researches focused on how nutritional problems can be solved by feeding animals with browse plants in our locality and the effect of these plants on the haematology, biochemistry, weight gain, growth rate and some aspects of reproduction in sheep and goat (12, 13 and 30).

Gyneacology

My research showed how to diagnose a disease (Leptospirosis) that can lead to infertility due to abortion in animal and also an important zoonotic disease (10 and 11). Some other factors causing infertility like structural abnormalities, functional abnormalities of the female reproductive tracts which may or may not be drug induced were also revealed (6, 14, 21, 22, 26 and 28). Studies like these are useful to the veterinarian when doing breeding soundness examination in selecting animals for breeding.

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The conservative treatment of Transmissible Venereal Tumour, an important reproductive problem of dog in Nigeria was also researched into .The result of this finding is now in use in our Veterinary Clinic (25).

Obstetrics and Teratology

A factor that can also lead to dystocia was revealed in my researches which is teratology of the foetus and that it is possible for bitches to carry to term both abnormal and normal foetus in the same pregnancy (26 and 28).

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